EMT Medical Conditions Practice Exam

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• Which type of shock results from dysfunction in the body's ability to utilize oxygen, such as issues with diffusion, transport by hemoglobin, or cellular use (metabolic or respiratory shock)?
• Can happen at any moment, even at rest, and does not get better with treatment that helps with stable angina.
• Which chemical burn often has a delayed burning sensation and may burn deeper than acids?
• Affects motor, sensory, and autonomic nerve tracts; numbness, tingling, pain, swelling, weakness, and decreased pain perception may occur; diabetes increases the risk.
• Which third trimester complication occurs when the weight of the fetus compresses the inferior vena cava when lying supine?
• When the breathing effort ceases completely, what condition is occurring?
• Involves both hemispheres and the reticular activating system, typically results in a loss of consciousness
• Which action indicates urgent transport for a suspected heat-related illness?
• Seizures due to insults such as fever or hypoxia
• What term is used for a miscarriage?
• What abnormal implantation of the placenta near or over the cervix is described as placenta previa?
• Which term refers to ovulation-related pelvic pain?
• Which disease is described as whooping cough?
• Which condition is an open chest wound that allows air to enter the pleural space during inspiration?
• Usually due to a genetic or unknown cause
• Which condition involves a collapsed lung with unilateral chest rise and decreased breath sounds on one side?
• An injury that results from significant blunt trauma or crushing is a
• Pregnancy induced hypertension is defined as a BP greater than 140/90 mmHg on two or more occasions at 6 hours apart or an increase in systolic BP greater than 30 mmHg. Which term describes this condition?
• Bacterial infection that causes swelling of the epiglottis, drooling, mouth breathing, and inspiratory stridor is called:
• In HHNS, which statement is true regarding ketone production?
• Which type of shock is caused by a reduction in circulating blood volume, typically from blood loss?
• Bronchiolitis is defined as inflammation of which part of the airway after a viral infection?
• If tidal volume or respiratory rate becomes inadequate and ventilatory effort is no longer adequate, what condition results?
• What is the term for the abnormal separation of the placenta from the uterine wall prior to birth?
• Which toxin interferes with cellular use of oxygen, causing severe hypoxia?
• Which shock is characterized by widespread vasodilation and a relative hypovolemia not primarily due to blood loss?
• Which condition describes the protrusion of a loop of intestine through a weakness in the abdominal wall?
• Overexertion or overstretching causing tearing of muscle fibers, with localized pain and little to no swelling, is a
• A nosebleed is medically called what?
• Which chest trauma produces a paradoxical chest wall movement due to multiple rib fractures?
• The general term for nontraumatic brain injury due to inadequate blood flow.
• Which condition is inflammation of the pancreas that may cause severe pain in the middle of the upper quadrants and sometimes radiates to the back?
• Which condition is associated with panic attacks and is managed by calming the patient and providing oxygen if indicated?
• Which injury can present with open wound and air leakage into the chest cavity during inspiration, but is not necessarily associated with a tension physiology?
• Which type of chemical burn often has a delayed burning sensation after contact and may burn deeper than acids?
• Which condition involves thermoregulation failure and the body's inability to cool itself?
• Which chest injury is associated with blunt trauma from violent compressions of the chest and can involve myocardial damage?
• Which condition involves inflammation of the pancreas and can cause upper abdominal pain radiating to the back?
• Which condition commonly affects children aged 6 months to 4 years and presents with a seal bark cough?
• If a patient has heat exhaustion and is conscious, what is an appropriate action?
• Inflammation of the stomach and small intestines, commonly associated with abdominopelvic pain.
• Injury to a joint capsule with damage to ligaments, presenting with immediate pain and tenderness and delayed swelling and discoloration, is a
• Infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord; signs include recent ear or respiratory tract infection, high fever, vomiting, movement is painful.
• Results from a clot or other matter that has traveled from another area of the body (embolus) and lodges in a cerebral artery and occludes it, more sudden than in a thrombotic stroke.
• Which statement best describes stable angina?
• Which intracranial bleed is often associated with fracture of the temporal bone?
• Which condition describes sudden cardiac arrest resulting from a blunt impact to the precordial area, often in athletes?
• Which chronic lung disease is described as a chronic condition with damaged alveoli and is typically treated with oxygen therapy?
• A stroke caused by a clot traveled from another area of the body.
• Which condition involves hypertension with proteinuria, edema, or both due to pregnancy?
• A sudden and temporary alteration in brain function caused by massive electrical discharges in a group of nerve cells?
• Which shock arises from infection leading to systemic vasodilation and capillary leakage?
• What term describes a condition that obstructs forward blood flow, leading to shock?
• Sudden and unexpected death of an infant in which an autopsy fails to identify the cause of death.
• An injury to a joint capsule with ligaments, resulting in immediate pain and tenderness and delayed swelling is a
• Which condition is commonly caused by changes in the mucus-secreting glands of the lungs leading to pulmonary dysfunction?
• What is the medical term for irritation and inflammation of the peritoneum due to leakage of substances into the peritoneal cavity?
• In breech birth, if the body delivers but the head does not, which technique is described to create space for respiration?
• Which chemical burn tends to 'burn on contact' and can cause bleeding and perforation of the stomach?
• Spontaneous rupture of the amniotic sac before labor and before 37 weeks gestation is known as?
• Which vital sign change is commonly associated with heat exhaustion?
• Which chronic inflammatory airway disease is characterized by increased mucus production and acute narrowing of the airways, leading to shortness of breath and wheezing?
• Which form of shock occurs due to dehydration and loss of fluids without destruction of red blood cells?
• Which condition is a collection of blood between the dura mater and arachnoid mater?
• Result of rupture of an artery that causes bleeding within the brain (intracerebral) or in the space around the outer surface of the brain (subarachnoid space).
• Which sign is commonly associated with pulmonary edema?
• Which seizure is caused by high fever and is common in children aged 6 months to 6 years?
• Which condition is typically managed with oral medications, diet, and exercise rather than insulin?
• Aortic dissection involves a tear in the inner lining of the aorta causing blood to split the wall layers. Which option best describes this condition?
• Open wounds or sores within the digestive tract, usually in the stomach or the beginning of the small intestine?
• Infection in the lungs that can obstruct the airways and cause shortness of breath, chest tightness, diminished breath sounds, and cough is most consistent with which condition?
• Which condition is characterized by the inability to deliver through the vagina due to presenting part?
• If a patient with heat exhaustion is conscious and able to drink, what is the recommended fluid?
• Which term refers to sudden, unexpected death of an infant with no identifiable cause after autopsy?
• Which spinal condition is described as a temporary concussion-like disruption of spinal cord function below the level of injury?
• Which life-threatening allergic reaction involves swelling of the airways, bronchoconstriction, and vascular leakage?
• Which condition is defined by the heart's inability to contract effectively, resulting in poor cardiac output?
• Which chest injury refers to a fractured rib that may damage the lung or intercostal vessels?
• A musculoskeletal injury resulting from overexertion that tears muscle fibers, causing localized pain without significant swelling is a
• Which obstetric emergency occurs when the fetal head delivers but the shoulders arrest their passage?
• Which condition involves strong uterine cramps during menstruation, typically due to hormonal imbalances or other gynecologic conditions?
• What is the appropriate initial management for heat exhaustion?
• Which term describes the infection of the female reproductive tract by bacteria, fungi, or viruses?
• Which insult to the chest results in a collection of blood in the pleural space that narrows lung inflation?
• A seizure type that lasts longer than a few minutes or recurs without recovery between seizures is called
• Which disease is known as whooping cough?
• Which condition is defined by the heart's inability to contract effectively, resulting in poor cardiac output?
• What term describes the passage of the fetal stool into the amniotic fluid during distress?
• Which shock is produced by bacteria and toxins in the bloodstream that lead to vasodilation and increased capillary permeability?
• A stroke that results from a clot forming at the site of occlusion is called which type?
• Typically related to abnormal activity in just one cerebral hemisphere
• Which condition results from bleeding between the dura and arachnoid membranes and often presents with a progressive headache after head injury?
• What is the recommended initial action if a nuchal cord is found around the neonate’s neck?
• Which condition is inflammation of the gallbladder that is commonly associated with the presence of gallstones?
• Which term is the umbrella for angina and myocardial infarction?
• Which condition is described as a brief loss of consciousness or confusion following head injury, without skull fracture?
• Which statement correctly identifies Type 1 diabetes?
• Which spinal cord syndrome results from injury to the anterior portion of the spinal cord, causing paralysis and loss of pain and temperature below the level of injury, while light touch is preserved?
• Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic state (HHNS) is most commonly associated with which condition?
• Which condition is characterized by muscle spasms related to electrolyte imbalance, often presenting as cramping?
• Which chest injury is defined by air entering through the chest wound with each inhalation and can be aggravated by an occlusive dressing sealed on three sides?
• Which action is critical in suspected heat stroke?
• This type of shock is most directly described as a reduction in circulating volume from bleeding, leading to decreased tissue perfusion.
• In heat stroke, the body's ability to regulate temperature fails, leading to what core problem?
• Which condition refers to inflammation of the stomach and small intestines, typically causing abdominopelvic pain and diarrhea?
• Which seizure type involves only one cerebral hemisphere, lasts 1-2 minutes, and the patient remains awake but unaware of surroundings?
• Which statement correctly describes Type 1 diabetes?
• Which condition is described as a mild state of shock with vasodilation leading to blood pooling beneath the skin?
• Which event is defined by blunt force to the precordial region resulting in sudden cardiac arrest, particularly in young athletes?
• Which condition is defined as inflammation of the peritoneum?
• Which symptom is most indicative of heat stroke?
• Protrusion or thrusting forward of a portion of the intestine through an opening or weakness in the abdominal wall.
• Postpartum bleeding exceeding 500 mL after delivery is called?
• Occurs when the cerebral artery is blocked by a clot or other foreign matter.
• Which description matches traumatic asphyxia, characterized by sudden, severe compression of the thorax causing a rapid rise in intrathoracic pressure?
• Transient neurological deficit with stroke-like signs that resolves without permanent deficits is best described as?
• Which condition involves plasma and plasma protein leakage from damaged capillaries, such as after severe burns?
• A stroke caused by rupture of an artery with bleeding within the brain or surrounding spaces.
• Which statement correctly differentiates heat stroke from heat exhaustion?
• Involves only one cerebral hemisphere and patient remains awake
• Occur as a result of an insult to the body such as fever, infection, hypoxia, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, drug intoxication
• Which diabetes complication involves high blood glucose with enough insulin to prevent ketone production?
• Which chronic lung disease is defined as chronic bronchitis plus emphysema and is treated with oxygen?
• Which condition results from air entering the pleural space after injury, causing pressure that shifts the mediastinum toward the uninjured lung and compresses the heart and great vessels?
• Which injury results when two or more adjacent ribs are fractured in two or more places, creating a segment of chest wall that moves paradoxically?
• Results from a clot that develops at the site of occlusion (thrombus).
• Nontraumatic medical injury to the brain due to an inadequate amount of blood being delivered to a portion of the brain.
• The umbilical cord is the presenting part and may cut off oxygen to the infant; what is the recommended immediate management?
• Spontaneous rupture of the amniotic sac before labor and before 37 weeks gestation is known as?
• Which hereditary blood disorder features abnormal hemoglobin that does not carry adequate oxygen?
• pt who suffers general motor seizures that last more than 3 min or seizures that occurs consecutively without a period of responsiveness between them
• What infection of the female reproductive tract is caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses?
• Which condition is an infection of the meninges that can present with high fever, vomiting, and painful movement?
• A condition due to abnormal valves, vessels, or chambers presenting with inadequate pulmonary blood flow with cyanosis and hypoxia is called:
• Which term describes a chronic condition characterized by recurrent seizures?
• Which condition involves increased intracranial pressure from bleeding or swelling causing brain tissue to shift from its normal position?
• Croup most commonly affects children within which age range?
• Which presentation is defined by the fetus presenting parts being limbs, making vaginal delivery impossible?
• CNS depressants derived from opium or synthetic opiates are called?
• A flap of skin torn loose or pulled off completely, with potentially severe bleeding, is an
• Which shock occurs after spinal cord injury due to loss of sympathetic nerve function that maintains vascular tone?
• Which shock is commonly the result of a severe allergic reaction causing systemic vasodilation and capillary leakage?
• Which spinal cord syndrome typically presents with greater weakness in the arms than the legs due to cervical injury?
• Which of the following defines hypoglycemia?
• Backup of blood behind a weakened heart results in JVD, edema in the extremities, chest pain.
• Myocardial infarction is defined as?
• Which injury involves a direct chest impact causing potential injury to the lung or intercostal vessels from a broken rib?
• A contained collection of blood that can be quite large is called a
• Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures
• Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is most commonly associated with which type of diabetes?
• Which form of shock results from chemical mediators released during an allergic reaction, causing systemic vasodilation and capillary leakage?
• What is the term for the presentation in which the fetal buttocks or lower extremities are the first to be delivered?
• Which term is used for seizures that originate from a single focus but can evolve?
• CNS depressants derived from opium or synthetic opiates are called?
• Which term describes a temporary disturbance in brain function ranging from momentary confusion to complete loss of responsiveness, usually with a headache?
• Which condition results from loss of sympathetic tone to arterioles, leading to vasodilation and hypotension?
• Which injury involves bleeding in the lung tissue and around the alveoli and interstitial space after blunt chest trauma?
• Inflammation of the mucosal layer of the bronchioles after a viral infection leads to wheezing and asthma-like symptoms; this condition is termed:
• Usually begins with abnormal electrical activity low in the cerebral cortex that spreads upward affecting both cerebral hemispheres and downward, affecting the reticular activating system
• Which sign would indicate heat stroke rather than heat exhaustion?
• Which injury is a collection of blood in the pleural space that compresses the lung?
• Aortic aneurysm is described as?
• Which condition describes implantation of a fertilized ovum outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube?
• Which statement best describes an ischemic stroke?
• Which respiratory emergency presents with unilateral chest rise and diminished breath sounds on one side, often after coughing or exertion?
• Heat-related illness is most closely related to failure of which body system?
• Which condition involves kidney stones formed from metabolic abnormalities such as calcium, uric acid, struvite, and cystine?
• Decreased blood glucose that may develop after taking too much prescribed insulin is called what?
• Which syndrome results from a hemisection of the spinal cord, causing motor and light touch loss on the same side and pain loss on the opposite side?
• What term describes a brief, sudden loss of consciousness due to temporary reduction of blood flow to the brain?
• Which blood disorder affects clotting, causing prolonged bleeding because clots are unable to form properly?
• Atherosclerosis of which vessels leads to coronary artery disease (CAD)?
• What term describes a weakened, ballooned, and enlarged area in the wall of the abdominal aorta?
• Which condition is described by fluid in the lungs due to left ventricular failure, with orthopnea and blood-tinged sputum?
• Which injury pattern produces ipsilateral motor and light touch loss with contralateral loss of pain and temperature?
• In which condition does the weight of the fetus compress the inferior vena cava when the mother is supine?
• Which condition involves kidney stones formed from metabolic abnormalities?
• Which reflex involves increased systolic blood pressure and decreased heart rate in response to elevated intracranial pressure?
• Which poisoning reduces the amount of oxygen in the bloodstream and the atmosphere?
• Which obstetric complication involves the placenta detaching from the uterine wall before birth?
• Which type of shock is caused by widespread vasodilation leading to a relative reduction in intravascular volume?
• A degenerative bone disease characterized by decreased bone density, increasing fracture risk, is
• Which term describes a chronic, irreversible deterioration in mental function with supportive management?
• Which condition is the inflammation of the gallbladder, often associated with gallstones?
• The condition where heart chambers are compressed by blood in the pericardial sac, reducing preload, is?
• Which condition occurs when a clot travels to the pulmonary arteries causing sudden respiratory distress?
• A brief, stroke-like episode that resolves within minutes and does not cause permanent brain damage is best described as
• Which toxin interferes with the use of oxygen at the cellular level?
• Which intracranial bleed is classically associated with a skull fracture and presents as a lens-shaped hematoma on imaging?
• A flap of skin torn away from the body is called an
• Which term describes a contained collection of blood under the skin that can be sizable after trauma?
• What is the term for the umbilical cord around the neck of the neonate?
• Abnormal implantation of the placenta near or over the cervix?
• Which condition is defined by a reduction in the number of red blood cells in the circulating blood volume?
• Which shock results from spinal cord injury causing loss of sympathetic vascular tone?
• Which term is used for miscarriage?
• Type 2 diabetes is typically managed with which approach?
• Which acute mental status change is characterized by sudden onset and may begin with delusions?
• Loss of more than 500 mL of blood after delivery is termed?
• Which congenital condition is characterized by inadequate pulmonary blood flow leading to cyanosis and hypoxia?
• Which symptom is more typical of heat exhaustion than heat stroke?
• A patient is having difficulty breathing but has an adequate tidal volume and respiratory rate. What is the most likely condition?
• What is the term for abdominopelvic pain in the middle of the menstrual cycle caused by irritation of the peritoneum by small amounts of bleeding associated with the rupture of ovarian tissue during ovulation?
• Which condition is the more severe form of preeclampsia and includes coma or seizures?
• Which seizure is most common in children and is characterized by a blank stare lasting only a few seconds?
• Bruise caused by damage to dermal blood vessels, resulting in swelling and discoloration, is a